Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)

Antihypertensives And Covid‑19: A Narrative Review

Author archives:

February 19, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2021.19.22

ANTIHYPERTENSIVES AND COVID‑19: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Vrushali Ramdas Khobragade, Prashanth Yachrappa Vishwakarma, Arun Suresh Dodamani, Minal Madhukar Kshirsagar, Sulakshana Navindrabhau Raut,
Rahul Nivrutti Deokar

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/MTSP..MTSP_8_21

ABSTRACT

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19): A plague which has impacted health and economy worldwide on an exceptional scale. Patients have diverse clinical outcomes, but those with preexisting cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and related conditions sustain strangely worse outcome. Hypertension is a significant risk factor of mortality worldwide and it has been focused more nowadays because of its association with novel coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‑CoV‑2]) infection mentioned as COVID‑19. Patients showing severe COVID‑19 infections mostly seen to be older and had a history of hypertension. Most of the patients who have died within the pandemic were known cases of hypertension. This article demonstrates the relation between angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and COVID‑19 with its possible mechanisms. Hence, with this review, we have raised multiple questions regarding a more severe course of COVID‑19 in regard to hypertension itself and thus the antihypertensives used. With the data available, it is quite clear that the infection is understood to be caused by the SARS‑CoV‑2 and is responsible for human‑to‑human transmission of disease, entering the cells through its predicated receptor ACE2.

Pages 19-22
Year 2021
Issue 2
Volume 5

Download

PDF File
Download
XMLFile
Download
Posted by Basem
February 19, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2021.14.18

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN AND RISK FACTOR OF ESCHERICHIACOLI ISOLATED FROM THE POULTRY SAMPLES COLLECTED IN VETERINARY LABORATORY, BIRENDRANAGAR, SURKHET

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Lamichhane Utsav, R. S. Kushwaha, H. Pokhrel, B. K. Pandey, K. R. Pandey

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/MTSP..MTSP_15_20

ABSTRACT

Objectives: A total of 50 liver samples were collected and the questionnaire was filled for the corresponding demographic data. The organisms were identified and isolated. Based on the culture characteristics in different agars (nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar) and the response of the culture toward the biochemical tests, the microorganisms were identified and isolated. Methods: Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standards – recommended Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method – diffusion method performed for antibiotic susceptibility testing on Muller  Hinton agar. The antibiotic disks used in the study were ciprofloxacin (CP), amikacin (AK), enrofloxacin (EX), gentamicin, azithromycin, tetracycline (TE), and amoxicillin (AMX). Results: The results showed that 36% of the samples were positive for E. coli. Out of 23 birds of age below 28 days, 5 (21.74%) birds were tested positive for E. coli. Similarly, out of 27 birds of age above 28 days, 13 (48.15%) birds were tested positive for E. coli. The relation between E. coli prevalence and the age of the bird was found to be nonsignificant (P > 0.05) according to the Pearson Chi square test. Out of 33 samples from the farm with treated water, 13 (39.39%) of the samples were tested positive for E. coli. Similarly, out of 17 samples from the farm with untreated water, 5 (41.67%) of the samples were tested positive for E. coli. The prevalence of E. coli was significantly (P < 0.05) dependent upon the water treatment in the farm. There were 41 broiler samples out of which 16 (39.02%) samples were tested positive for E. coli. Similarly, there were 9 layer samples, out of which 2 (22.22%) samples were tested positive for the E. coli. There was a nonsignificant (P > 0.05) relation of the prevalence of E. coli with the type of bird. Among the E. coli positive samples(36%), the antibiotic sensitivity pattern was 55.56% for AK, 0.00% for AMX, 61.11% for EX, 38.89% for gentamycin, and 22.22% for TE. Among all the antibiotics, CP showed the highest sensitivity (83.33%) against E. coli. Conclusions: Among all the associated factors, water treatment in the poultry farm showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the prevalence of E. coli. Thus, treatment of the water in the farm is recommended to decrease the chances of E. coli prevalence in the farm.

Pages 14-18
Year 2021
Issue 1
Volume 5

Download

PDF File
Download
XMLFile
Download
Posted by Basem
February 19, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2021.07.13

ANALYSIS FOR MALARIA TRANSMISSION DYNAMIC BETWEEN HUMAN AND MOSQUITO POPULATION, PART II: EFFECTIVE INFECTION RATE USING NEW TECHNIQUE

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
S. Saravana Kumar, L. Maragatham, A. Eswari

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/MTSP..MTSP_15_20

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This article presents the seven equation SEIR‑SIR model for the dynamics of malaria parasite transmission in both mosquito and human. It defines the presence of area in which the model is epidemiologically feasible. Methods: This paper is to find the approximate solution of the above models using q‑homotopy analysis method. It is a flexible method that is used to solve a variety of differential equations. Results: Numerical simulations are carried out to confirm the analytic results and explore the possible behavior of the formulated model. Conclusions: The results of our study are that, Malaria can be controlled by reducing the rate of contact between humans and mosquitoes, the use of active malaria drugs, insecticides and mosquito nets treated with mosquitoes can also help reduce mosquito populations and malaria transmission respectively.

Pages 07-13
Year 2021
Issue 1
Volume 5

Download

PDF File
Download
XMLFile
Download
Posted by Basem
February 19, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2021.01.06

ETHNOVETERINARY PRACTICES AMONG SMALL‑HOLDER GOAT FARMERS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
O. A. Adeyeye, E. O. Osuntade, O. T. Irekhore, F. A. Akande

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/MTSP..MTSP_11_20

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Challenges of diseases and inadequate healthcare skills limit productivity of livestock while dearth of qualified veterinarians in rural communities have encouraged ethno-veterinary practices by small-holder farmers. Prevalent goat diseases and the practice and perception of ethno-veterinary activities among small-holder goat farmers were evaluated in Yewa North Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: Data were drawn from 110 goat farmers (selected through multistage sampling technique) using Interview guide. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Chi Square analyses. Results showed that respondents mean age, farming experience and average herd size were 63 years, 21.5 years and 15 goats, respectively. All the farmers reared the West African Dwarf breed of goat. Parent stocks were mainly sourced from fellow farmers (95.5%) and most of the farmers keep goats for economic benefits (93.6%). Results: Common diseases that farmers observe in the goats were mange, ecthyma, peste des petits ruminants, and foot rot. Result indicated that farmers largely (81.8%) adopted ethno-veterinary practices in goats disease control and adoption of these practices was due to poor access to professional veterinary doctors (x̅=4.36, SD±0.89), ease of sourcing medicinal plants and herbs (x̅=4.16, SD±1.12), and cost effectiveness (x̅ =3.44, SD±1.21). Farming experience and herd size had significant association with farmers’ perception of ethno-veterinary practice. Source of information did not influence farmers’ perception on ethno-veterinary practices. Conclusions: Respondents preferred ethno-veterinary method in control of goat diseases and there is need for increased extension and veterinary interventions.

Pages 01-06
Year 2021
Issue 1
Volume 5

Download

PDF File
Download
XMLFile
Download
Posted by Basem
February 13, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2020.65.67

BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPH: HARITAKI (TERMINALIA CHEBULA)

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Letter to Editor

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/MTSP..MTSP_5_20

ABSTRACT

India is richly endowed with a wide variety of plants of medicinal value. These plants are widely used by all sections of the society, either as folk remedies or as traditional medicines of the Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani systems. Terminalia chebula (commonly known as Black Myrobalan or Chebulic Myrobalan) is a medium
to the large deciduous tree, native to South Asia from India and Nepal east to Southwest China, and South to Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Vietnam.[1] The tree yields a fruit which has an abrasive seed but a fleshy pulp. The seed, called “Harda” is also used in Indian cooking. The plant is highly regarded in Ayurvedic and Tibetan medicines. T. chebula has been extensively used in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani) system.

Pages 65-67
Year 2020
Issue 2
Volume 4

Download

PDF File
Download
XMLFile
Download
Posted by Basem
February 13, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2020.60.64

VALIDATION OF COVID‑19 SPREAD MODEL BY EARLY CASES FROM SPAIN

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Author: Isack E. Kibona, Jeremiah J. Ruhere, Violet G. Saria

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/MTSP..MTSP_12_20

ABSTRACT

This article intends to illustrate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) model if strict restriction is not enforced. Early COVID‑19 cases from Spain have been considered an example. Thus, this article is for the estimation of specific parameter particularly to one of the most hit countries in April 2020. Our essence is the possibility to spot a natural model of COVID‑19. The cases between March 1 and 15, 2020 have been taken to validate and estimate the parameter of the model. Parameters were estimated by a nlinfit function from MATLAB developed by Levenberg–Marquardt, and thus, so is the reproduction number (R0 ). R0 was found greater than the unit, which is catastrophic. Cases of COVID‑19 between March 1 and 15 have been chosen to validate the model because in this earlier stage of the pandemic, Spain restrictions against the spread were assumed not enough to impede the pace of natural spread to the pandemic. Had it not been the lockdown that followed after the mentioned dates, by April 15, 2020, Spain would have been in a more catastrophic situation by >3,400,000 COVID‑19 infection cases far worse from 180,695 cases that happened.

Pages 60-64
Year 2020
Issue 2
Volume 4

Download

PDF File
Download
XMLFile
Download
Posted by Basem
February 13, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2020.50.59

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ACTIVE METABOLITE CONSTITUENTS OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF CHAETOMIUM CUPREUM‑SS02 BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Author: Nazir Ahmad Wani, Waseem Iqbal Khanday, Sharmila Tirumale

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/MTSP..MTSP_10_20

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Chaetomium cupreum extracts. Methods: The total flavonoid content was determined by using aluminum chloride method, whereas antioxidant activity (AA) was evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, potassium ferricyanide reducing power assay, 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picyl‑hydrazyl method, β‑carotene bleaching assay, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay, lipid peroxidation inhibition assay by thiobarbituric acid (TBA)‑reactive substance method, and inhibition of hydrogen peroxide‑induced erythrocyte hemolysis assay Results: The ferric reducing AA of C. cupreum extracts at the concentration of 50 µg/mL was higher in ethyl acetate extract (6.11%) followed by chloroform extract (3.96%), n‑butanol extract (2.44%), and methanol extract (2.02%) mg RE/g dry weight. The potassium ferricyanide reducing activity of C. cupreum extracts at the concentration of 50 µg/mL was higher in ethyl acetate extract (15.90%) followed by chloroform (9.50%), n‑butanol (4.93%), and methanol extract (2.92%). The 2, 2‑diphenyl‑1‑picryl‑hydrazyl activity of C. cupreum extracts at 50 µg/mL was higher in ethyl acetate extract (36.13%) followed by n‑butanol extract (24.17%), chloroform extract (15.04%), and methanol extract (4.71%). The β‑carotene bleaching activity of C. cupreum extracts at 50 µg/mL after 1 h of incubation was higher in ethyl acetate extract at 12.88%, followed by chloroform extract (9.82%), n‑butanol extract (5.63%), and methanol extract (3.76%). The cupric ion reducing AA (CUPRAC) of C. cupreum extracts at 50 µg/mL was highest in the methanol extract (18.62%) followed by ethyl acetate extract (9.72%), n‑butanol extract (7.18%), and chloroform extract (2.46%) mg ACE/g dry weight. With regard to TBA reactive substance activity of C. cupreum extracts at 50 µg/mL, n‑butanol extract showed the highest lipid peroxidation inhibition (55.39%) followed by chloroform extract (50.51%), ethyl acetate extract (46.27%), and methanol extract (43.60%). With regard to the hydrogen peroxide‑induced hemolysis inhibition activity of C. cupreum extracts at the concentration of 500 µg/mL, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest inhibition (30.53%) followed by chloroform extract (26.42%) and n‑butanol extract (9.16%). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that C. cupreum extracts poses significant antioxidant potential.

Pages 50-59
Year 2020
Issue 2
Volume 4

Download

PDF File
Download
XMLFile
Download
Posted by Basem
February 13, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2020.45.49

ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIST’S INVOLVEMENT IN HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES OF PATIENTS IN KHARTOUM, 2020

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Author: Ali Awadallah Saeed, Naira Saeed, Fatima Mahmoud, Marina Ezzat, Mohamed El Mojtaba, Ola Hamza, Mai Abdallah Humaida

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/MTSP..MTSP_9_20

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The objective was to assess the extent of the pharmacists’ involvement in counseling patients about health promotion and education topics, their preparation to counsel patients in health promotion and education topics, and their perceived success in changing the patients’ health behavior. Methods: An observational cross‑sectional study was carried out from March to April 2020 among community pharmacists in Khartoum locality. Results: A total of 150 community pharmacists who participated in the study showed that the most important purpose of consumers’ visits to community pharmacy was related to seeking pharmaceutical advice about drug dosage, indication, availability, and side effects which were ranked first, second, third, and fourth, respectively. In the area of the pharmacists’ perceptions on their preparedness to counsel patients on health‑related behaviors, the perceived preparedness was highest for counseling on taking drugs as prescribed/directed (mean [standard deviation (SD)]; 4.5 [0.9]) and knowledge about drug contents and side effects (mean [SD]; 4.2 [1.1]). The community pharmacists perceived success in helping patients to change their health‑related behaviors. Conclusions: The majority of participants have a positive attitude toward counseling the population on health behaviors and indicated their willingness to learn more about health promotion.

Pages 45-49
Year 2020
Issue 2
Volume 4

Download

PDF File
Download
XMLFile
Download
Posted by Basem
February 13, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2020.41.44

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE REGARDING VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AMONG COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS AND PRESCRIBING DOCTORS IN KHARTOUM CITY, SUDAN, 2020

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Author: Ali Awadallah Saeed, Mohamed Eid, Salman Ahmed, Mostafa Abboud, Braah Sami

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/MTSP..MTSP_8_20

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Vitamin D among community pharmacists and prescribing doctors in Khartoum City, Sudan, 2020. Methods: An observational cross‑sectional study was carried out from February to April 2020 among 94 community pharmacists and 106 prescribing doctors using a validated electronic delivery self‑administered questionnaire in Khartoum locality. . Results: About 32.7% and 41.9% from prescribing doctors and pharmacists had poor general knowledge, respectively, regarding VDD, while the significant trend was found regarding the level of knowledge and year of experience (P = 0.022) of all health professionals (pharmacists and doctors). About 39.3% and 44.1% from prescribing doctors and pharmacists, respectively, had poor nutrition knowledge score toward Vitamin D with a significant trend regarding nutrition knowledge score and different gender groups (P = 0.02) of all health professionals in the study. About 49.5% and 47.5% from prescribing doctors and pharmacists, respectively, had poor attitude scores toward Vitamin D with a significant trend regarding nutrition knowledge score and attitude score (P = 0.037) of all health professionals. Conclusions: This survey identified a gap in the general knowledge, nutritional knowledge, and attitude among health‑care professionals (prescribing doctors and pharmacists).

Pages 41-44
Year 2020
Issue 2
Volume 4

Download

PDF File
Download
XMLFile
Download
Posted by Basem
February 13, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2020.31.40

EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CHAETOMIUM CUPREUM EXTRACTS AGAINST HUMAN BREAST ADENOCARCINOMA CELL LINES

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Author: Nazir Ahmad Wani, Waseem Iqbal Khanday, Sharmila Tirumale

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/MTSP..MTSP_7_20

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the anticancer property of C. cupreum extracts against human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Methods: The anticancer activity of different extracts of C. cupreum on human breast cancer cells was evaluated using MTT tetrazolium bromide assay. The measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using JC‑1 fluorescent dye and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2,7‑dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate dye. The partial purification and characterization of compound was done by chromatography and spectrometry methods. Results: It was found that ethyl acetate extract of C. cupreum showed significant cytotoxic activity against MCF‑7 cells with IC50‑ 40 and against MDA‑DB231 cells with IC50‑75 µg/ml concentration. In subfractions of ethyl acetate, the highest cytotoxic effect was shown by methanol subfraction (44.79%), followed by ethyl acetate subfraction (39.79%) and chloroform subfraction (37.07%) at the concentration of 25 µg/ml after 24 h. The anticancer activity of seco‑chaetomugilin on MCF‑7 cancer cells was 51.56% at the concentration of 25 µg/ml. In results, seco‑chaetomugilin treatment increased depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential to 16.45% at the concentration of 5 µg/ml and 32.25% at the concentration of 15 µg/ml as compared to 13.47% in untreated cells after 24 h. The results showed that the treatment of seco‑chaetomugilin increased ROS generation to 19.6% at the concentration of 5 µg/ml and 26.2% at the concentration of 15 µg/ml as compared to 14% in untreated cells. Conclusions: These results showed that ethyl acetate extract and seco‑chaetomugilin pigment induces mitochondria depolarization and ROS production, which leads to cell death. Thus, these results suggested that that pigment seco‑chaetomugilin isolated from C. cupreum should further be studied for its anticancer activity on molecular level.

Pages 31-40
Year 2020
Issue 2
Volume 4

Download

PDF File
Download
XMLFile
Download
Posted by Basem