Background: Olive leaf and arugula seed crude extracts were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activities. Utilizing the disc diffusion technique, antibacterial activity against three microorganisms was assessed. Both the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) have been established. The standard medication for the investigation of antibacterial activity was gallic acid.

Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity was selected against two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; The extract’s antibacterial activity was determined using a diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar that had previously been injected with 1 mL of an 18-hour-old bacterial solution (10^6 CFU/mL).

Results: With an average zone of inhibition of 3 to 8 mm, the methanol extract of olive leaves and arugula seeds demonstrated strong antibacterial activity. Staphylococcus aureus was the bacterium with the highest level of sensitivity. In comparison to olive leaf extract, the antibacterial activity of arugula seed extract was higher. For Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the olive leaves and arugula seeds extract were 80 and 40 g/ml, respectively, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for S. aureus and B. cereus, respectively, were 60 and 600 g/ml.

Conclusion: These findings imply that arugula seeds and olive leaves have intriguing antimicrobial properties.

Plants and herbs are the mainstream of diverse traditional medicine system practiced throughout the whole population. Today, there is increasingly trend set the uses of natural plants for the various human ailments and wound healing as natural remedy. The crude drugs are derived from the whole plant or parts of the plants that are being used for tremendous diseases through the world without chances of serious adverse reaction as well as more efficacy and safety. The ethnomedicines are being indicated worldwide that consists of different phytochemical constitutes like as alkaloids, saponin, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and carbohydrates so as to not only have biological, physiological and pharmacological activity but also have antioxidant activity for the treatment of stomach, cardiovascular and liver alilments.

Herbal medicinal natural plants and species are mostly used for wide purposes in Pakistan in current situation. There are diverse variety of phytochemical constituents which are present in plants and act as secondary metabolites that are formed from the normal metabolism likewise alkaloids, flavonoids, glycoside, phenols, steroids and other specific pigments. Therefore, the botanist concentrations are increasingly changing to ethnobotanical practices due to availability at lower price, wide safety and efficacy margin and less side effects of plants. The medicinal benefits of the special phytochemical of the plants cannot be ignored. Some of the herbal plants have been expressed for their significance to take care of the different ailments of mankind particularly correlated to liver, GIT, stomach and colon.

Herbal medicinal plants are commonly intended for the cure and prevention of countless diseases for the reason that of low price, more effectiveness and no side effects. The medicinal plants consist of several types of phytochemical constituents as alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and carbohydrates that are used for various human ailments. Such types of constituents not only have biochemical compounds but also have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal activity and intended for the treatment of diabetes, kidney, liver and stomach ailments. The use of herbal natural plants is more economic and reliable for these types of diseases. These medicinal plants have been second-hand for different human disorders with no side effects of reoccurrence.

In recent years several reports of atypical fracture (AFF) of the femur occurring in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients, on long term bisphosphonate therapy, are noted in the literature. In comparison only, few cases of these type of fractures occurring in patients, on concomitant glucocorticoid and bisphosphonate medication, are reported. Here, we are reporting one such case belonging to this sub-group.

This study describes the activity-guided isolation and purification of antimicrobial proteins from the seeds of Foeniculum vulgare. Purification was carried out by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Antifungal and antibacterial activities were determined by disc diffusion assay method. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the purified protein was a monomer with molecular mass of 60 kDa. This is a first report on purification of a protein from Foeniculum vulgare, which possesses a strong and broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Our results suggest that the antimicrobial properties of this plant seed may be further investigated to explore the possibility of using them in the treatment of candidal or bacterial infections.

Moxifloxacin is a 4th generation fluoroquinolone. Study was planned on renal clearance and urinary excretion of moxifloxacin on healthy male volunteers by applying sensitive, rapid and accurate HPLC-UC analytical method. For this study 8 healthy male subjects similar in all physical conditions were selected. Moxifloxacin (Avelox® 400 mg) was administered orally under fasting conditions. First sample of urine and blood was collected before administration of moxifloxacin and other samples of blood were taken at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 hr and urine samples were withdrawn at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr. The pH of the samples was measured by pH meter. Blood and urine samples were analyzed with HPLC for drug determination. Endogenous creatinine was measured by reagent kit method. The plasma concentration of endogenous creatinine and drug were 12.61 ± 0.85 µg/mL and 1.678 ± 0.062 µg/mL. The renal clearance of endogenous creatinine ranges from 1.17 to 3.18 ml/min/kg with an average ± SE value of 2.67 ± 0.24 mL/min/Kg. Renal clearance of moxifloxacin was 0.476 ± 0.04 mL/min/Kg ranged between 0.27 – 0.609 mL/min/Kg. Urinary excretion of moxifloxacin calculated as cumulative percent dose excreted 20.48 ± 0.88. A positive relationship was found between diuresis and renal clearance of drug indicated that besides glomerular filtration passive diffusion is also involved at kidney tubular level.

Avena sativa which is commonly known as oat has beneficial effects against various diseases especially cancer, bowel syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity. Gastro protective effect of seed grains of Avena sativa in indomethacin induced ulcer in healthy male adult albino rabbits were evaluated in present study. A total of thirty-six rabbits were divided into six equal groups. Group 1 would be served as control group on routine diet. Indomethacin (indocin) 20 mg/kg was given to 2nd group to induce ulcer, 3rd group was served by synthetic antiulcer drug Zantac (ranitidine) at the dose of 10 mg/kg orally while group 4, 5 and 6 were given three different doses of Avena sativa seed powders 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg respectively for 14 days. At the end of experiment rabbits were sacrificed to collect gastric contents for the estimation of total acid output. The blood sample was collected at 0 and 14 days. Antiulcer activity of this plant was analyzed by measuring different parameters like pH, gastric volume, acid output and ulcer index. Result showed that Avena sativa at dose of 750 mg/kg reduced the values of total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde and increased the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity and these results were compared with standard drug. From these results it was concluded that Avena sativa has strongest antioxidant potential.

The present study was designed to investigate effect of Oxalis corniculata (Creeping wood sorrel) against aflatoxicosis in straight run broiler chicken (Hubbard strain). Hundred and twenty-day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups with two replicates. Two different levels of O.corniculata (250; 500 mg/kg b.w) with and without AFB1 (350 ppb) and a control treatment were added to the diet. Dietary treatment initiated at the end of 1st week and sustained for six weeks. O.corniculata supplementation in the diet during five weeks significantly reduced body weight, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the treated groups in dose dependent manner. Dietary incorporation of O.corniculata 250 mg to 500mg induced negative effects on overall broiler health performance.

The Based on one-factor-at-a-time experiments, response surface methodology was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction of Aronia melanocarpa berries (chokeberry; AMP). The optimum extraction conditions were determined as follows: ethanol concentration 62%, ultrasonic power 198 W, liquid-solid ratio 19 (mL/g) and ultrasonic time 44 min. Under this condition, AMP anthocyanin yield was 4.31893 mg/g with a 1.67 % error compared with the actual value, which showed that the model and the optimization process was feasible. Additionally, superoxide anion radical (O2-·) radical scavenging activities of AMP extracts and VC was comparatively analyzed and the result revealed that the antioxidant activity of AMP extracts was superior to VC.