Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT AND LUTEIN EXTRACTION FROM MARIGOLD

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February 25, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.03.2025.103.110

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT AND LUTEIN EXTRACTION FROM MARIGOLD

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Prakash Awasthi

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_6_25

ABSTRACT

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), widely recognized for its ornamental and medicinal values, is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including lutein, a carotenoid with significant health benefits, particularly for eye health. Lutein’s demand is increasing in the nutraceutical and food industries, where it is valued for its antioxidant properties and as a natural colorant. This study explores the chemical profile of marigold flowers and examines various methods for efficient lutein extraction. The research aims to enhance lutein yield and purity by optimizing extraction techniques. These findings advance the potential for large‑scale lutein production and highlight marigold’s role as a sustainable resource for natural bioactive compounds.

 

Pages 103-110
Year 2025
Issue 3
Volume 9

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February 25, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.03.2025.101.102

THE CONCEPT OF MEDICAL REVERSAL IN NEUROSURGERY

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Letter to Editor

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_16_24

ABSTRACT

The concept of medical reversal, introduced by Prasad refers to the phenomenon where new, methodologically robust, and conclusive evidence contradicts previously accepted practices. Medical reversal has tremendous implications in neurosurgical practice. Patients may undergo unnecessary interventions that lead to adverse effects, potentially harming their health and adversely impacting healthcare systems due to increased costs and resource utilization. Neurosurgeons must provide care based on evidence which is the most recent. One of the advantages of evidence‑based medicine (EBM) is the contribution of well‑conducted randomized controlled trials that feature improved blinding, better controls, greater statistical power, well‑defined endpoints, and reduced bias. Ioannidis[2] explained why most published research findings are false in six corollaries.

 

Pages 101-102
Year 2025
Issue 3
Volume 9

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February 25, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.03.2025.96.100

CYSTATIN C AND OTHER BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF RENAL FUNCTION IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Ali Aisha Braimah, Olulope Olufemi Ajay

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_7_25_1

ABSTRACT

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, with inadequate research attention on its pathogenesis in adolescents. Early identification of CKD risk factors could help in averting the onset of the disease as well as its timely management. Aim and Objective: This study was designed to determine serum levels of cystatin C and certain biochemical indices of renal function in apparently healthy undergraduate students of Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One hundred apparently healthy undergraduate students aged 15 and 24 years were randomly enrolled into this cross‑sectional study. They comprised 45 males and 55 females. Blood pressure and anthropometry indices, including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference (HC), and waist–hip ratio (WHR), were determined by standard methods. Serum obtained from 5 ml of fasting venous blood of each participant was used for the determination of cystatin C, creatinine, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid, and total protein. Data were analyzed using Student’s t‑test and Pearson correlation coefficient, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: BMI, HC, WHR, pulse pressure, and GGT were significantly higher in females in comparison to males (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum levels of cystatin C in both genders. Cystatin C correlated positively with weight in both male and female participants. Cystatin C also correlated positively with BMI in males, as well as HC in females in this study. Conclusion: The nonsignificant difference in cystatin C levels in the male and female participants may be due to their apparently healthy status. The correlation of cystatin C with weight, BMI, and HC supports its association with general and central obesity.

 

Pages 96-100
Year 2025
Issue 3
Volume 9

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February 25, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.03.2025.91.95

CONTAMINATION TO PREVENTION: ADDRESSING MICROBIAL POLLUTION IN WATER SOURCES ACROSS RAINY AND DRY SEASONS IN IKPOBA OKHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
A. E. Omoregie, A. P. Omoregie, Enyinnaya O. Okoro

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_9_25

ABSTRACT

Background: Waterborne diseases remain a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries where access to safe water is limited. Seasonal changes can significantly influence microbial contamination levels in water sources, increasing risks to human health. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the microbial quality of water sources in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area (LGA), Nigeria, during the rainy and dry seasons, and to identify the prevalence of key waterborne pathogens. Materials and Methods: Water samples were collected from five rivers (Ikpe, Ologbo, Ossiomo, Uteh, and Ikpoba), five wells, and eight boreholes across eight communities. Two samples were obtained from each river, five from wells, and eight from boreholes in both seasons. Standard microbiological methods were used to detect and quantify Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Proteus species. Results: High levels of microbial contamination were observed. Salmonella and Shigella were detected in 8 of 10 samples, while E. coli was widespread, with higher counts in the dry season. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus showed seasonal variation, with S. aureus more prevalent in the rainy season. V. cholerae and Proteus species were also present with fluctuating seasonal patterns. Conclusion: Water sources in Ikpoba Okha LGA are significantly contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, posing a serious public health risk. There is an urgent need for regular water quality monitoring, improved sanitation infrastructure, and targeted community health interventions to reduce waterborne disease transmission

 

Pages 91-95
Year 2025
Issue 3
Volume 9

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February 25, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.03.2025.87.90

OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA) LEAF AND ARUGULA (ERUCA SATIVA) SEED EXTRACTS HAVE ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Taher A. Salih, Salma N. Malik, Sameer M. Yaseen, Esraa S. Jameel

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_2_24

ABSTRACT

Background: Olive leaf and arugula seed crude extracts were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activities. Utilizing the disc diffusion technique, antibacterial activity against three microorganisms was assessed. Both the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) have been established. The standard medication for the investigation of antibacterial activity was gallic acid. Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity was selected against two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; The extract’s antibacterial activity was determined using a diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar that had previously been injected with 1 mL of an 18-hour-old bacterial solution (106 CFU/mL). Results: With an average zone of inhibition of 3 to 8 mm, the methanol extract of olive leaves and arugula seeds demonstrated strong antibacterial activity. Staphylococcus aureus was the bacterium with the highest level of sensitivity. In comparison to olive leaf extract, the antibacterial activity of arugula seed extract was higher. For Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the olive leaves and arugula seeds extract were 80 and 40 g/ml, respectively, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for S. aureus and B. cereus, respectively, were 60 and 600 g/ml. Conclusion: These findings imply that arugula seeds and olive leaves have intriguing antimicrobial properties.

 

Pages 87-90
Year 2025
Issue 3
Volume 9

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February 24, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2025.82.86

ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS IN GENERIC PRESCRIBING IN INDIA: A REVIEW

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Shatavisa Mukherjee

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_3_25

ABSTRACT

Generic prescribing is crucial for reducing healthcare costs and improving access to essential medications, especially in resource‑limited settings like India. Generic medicines provide the same therapeutic benefits as branded drugs at significantly lower costs, contributing to more equitable health care. Community pharmacists, as accessible and trusted healthcare professionals, play a vital role in ensuring patients benefit from these cost‑effective options. Pharmacists act as a bridge between prescribers and patients, providing critical education about the safety and efficacy of generic medications. They address misconceptions, foster patient trust, and encourage acceptance of generics. However, challenges such as prescriber bias, patient skepticism, and inconsistent regulatory support hinder their efforts. Strategies employed by pharmacists include patient‑centered counseling, advocacy for robust quality assurance mechanisms, and active engagement in healthcare policy reforms. Digital tools and professional training further empower pharmacists to enhance the safe use of generics. This review emphasizes the need for strengthened regulatory frameworks, public awareness campaigns, and continued pharmacist development to optimize generic prescribing. Community pharmacists are essential in bridging the gap between affordable health care and widespread accessibility in India.

 

Pages 82-86
Year 2025
Issue 2
Volume 9

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February 24, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2025.81

PARAQUAT TONGUE

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Letter to Editor

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_21_24_1

ABSTRACT

A 20-year-old male was admitted to our critical care unit, after several hours of suicide by ingesting between 10 and 20 ml of paraquat. His main symptoms were nausea and headache. Basic laboratory investigations were normal except for prolonged INR which was corrected over the next few days. An endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was positive for esophagitis. The tongue was coated with granulation from erosion as shown in the image

 

Pages 81
Year 2025
Issue 2
Volume 9

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February 24, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2025.75.80

PREVALENCE OF PREECLAMPSIA AND ASSOCIATED BIOMARKERS IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN AUCHI

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Mahmud Mahmud, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Anthony Moses Ugbenyen

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_28_24_1

ABSTRACT

Background: Preeclampsia is a multi-organ system disorder of pregnancy which is responsible for a significant rate of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies on the prevalence of preeclampsia in the developing countries appear inadequate. Aim and Objective: This study was designed to assess the prevalence of preeclampsia and its associated risk factors in pregnant women in Auchi and environs. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 200 participants were enrolled. Anthropometric
parameters and blood pressure were measured by standard procedures. 5 ml of blood was obtained from each participant. Serum obtained from the centrifugation of the blood was used for the determination of creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lipid profile. Analysis of data was done using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of preeclampsia in this study was 4%. Body mass index, waist circumference, serum creatinine, uric acid, and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly elevated in pregnant women with preeclampsia in comparison with women without preeclampsia. Conclusion: Observations in this study indicate that elevated serum creatinine, uric acid, and TC are risk factors of preeclampsia.

 

Pages 75-80
Year 2025
Issue 2
Volume 9

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February 24, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.02.2025.68.74

ENHANCING ANTICANCER PROPERTIES OF ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS IN ALLIUM CEPA THROUGH NITROGEN, SULFUR, AND POTASSIUM FORTIFICATION IN BARREN LANDS

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Tariq M. Qureshi, Eesha Tir Raazia, Ahsan, Numra Shehzadi, M. Asif Khan

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_15_24

ABSTRACT

Background: To fortify nutrients depleting loam being waste under murkiness and use it for enhancing anticancer food rationing in the human body, two onions (Allium cepa) cultivars i.e., Cv.1 and Cv.2 (locally called “imported and 144” respectively) were experienced. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, yield, and anticancer nutrient potential of two onion cultivars under varying shaded conditions to explore their performance in depleted soils with added essential macronutrients. Materials and Methods: Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 50 kg of NH₄(SO₄)₂ and 25 kg of MOP (muriate of potash) per acre⁻¹ with the first irrigation. Growth parameters were recorded under un-shaded, partially, and fully shaded canopies of Eugenia trees. Results: Maximum weights (162±9 g), horizontal diameters (7.83±0.77 cm), circumferences (24.20±2.4 cm), and number of leaves per plant (15±0.25) of onion bulbs were recorded in Cv.1 under shaded conditions followed by Cv.2 (weight 135±7 g, 7.82±1.01 cm, 22.5±2.2 cm, 14±0.92 respectively). Similarly, the maximum yield of bulbs (small and medium-sized) was 18±0.11 and 8.25±0.55 ton ha⁻¹ in Cv.1 under un-shaded and 17±0.54 and 8.25±0.55 ton ha⁻¹ under partially shaded conditions, while the lowest (6±0.36 ton ha⁻¹) was observed in large-sized bulbs under fully shaded conditions. More sprouting (40±2.1%) was observed under un-shaded, whereas least (18±3.5%) under partially shaded conditions in Cv.1. Conclusion: The
response of both cultivars was beneficial under such an environment; however, Cv.1 was better. It was inferred from the results that onion, which is an excellent source of moderate levels of anticancer diet, can be obtained on these depleted soils by adding essential macronutrients.

 

Pages 68-74
Year 2025
Issue 2
Volume 9

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February 24, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2025.54.61

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC, DIETARY, AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN SCHOOL CHILDREN IN INDONESIA AND JAMAICA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Putri Bungsu Machmud, Wahyu Kurnia Putra, Sarah N. Oshi, Chinwendu F. Agu, Magdalene Nwokocha, Nurul Khairani, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Daniel C. Oshi

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_23_24_1

ABSTRACT

Background: Childhood obesity is on the increase in many developing countries and constitutes a major public health problem. Aim and Objectives: This study sought to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in school children in Indonesia and Jamaica. Materials and Methods: We conducted the descriptive and inferential analyses of two large datasets obtained from the Global School-based Health Survey 2015 in Indonesia and 2017 in Jamaica. Multinomial logistic regression modeling was used to assess factors associated with overweight and obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in Jamaican students (13.5% and 10.4%, respectively) than in Indonesian students (11% and 5.2%, respectively). There were also disparities in the strength and direction of the associations between the explanatory variables and overweight and obesity in the two countries. Age, gender, consumption of fruits, tobacco smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Conclusion: The findings suggest that policy‑makers and planners of programs for the prevention and control of childhood overweight and obesity should take age, gender, dietary factors, and lifestyles into consideration within the specific contexts of their country.

 

Pages 54-61
Year 2025
Issue 1
Volume 9

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