Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)

POTENTIAL OF ACACIA MANGIUM, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND SWIETENIA MAHAGONI LEAF EXTRACTS AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINST Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae: A REVIEW

May 12, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2026.55.60

POTENTIAL OF ACACIA MANGIUM, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND SWIETENIA MAHAGONI LEAF EXTRACTS AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINST Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae: A REVIEW

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Authors: MAD Zubir, NK Che Mohd Ramli, N Abdul Aziz, K Ramachandran, and E S Shari

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msp.01.2026.55.60

ABSTRACT

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), remains one of the most destructive diseases of rice in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, where yield losses can reach 70%. The extensive reliance on synthetic bactericides has raised concerns regarding environmental contamination and the emergence of resistant pathogen strains, highlighting the need for sustainable disease management alternatives. This review evaluates the biocontrol potential of leaf extracts from Acacia mangium, Anacardium occidentule, and Swietenia mahagoni against Xoo, with emphasis on their phytochemical composition and antibacterial mechanisms based on published in vitro studies. Available evidence indicates that A. mangium exhibits the strongest antibacterial activity, including pronounced bactericidal effects and inhibition of Xoo biofilm formation. A. occidentale demonstrates moderate antibacterial activity, supported by a broad spectrum of bioactive phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. In contrast, S. mahagoni shows limited or pathogen-specific antimicrobial activity, with no consistent inhibition of Xoo reported, suggesting variable effectiveness against different target pathogens. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of selected plant extracts, particularly A. mangium and A. occidentale, as promising candidates for further development as plant-based biocontrol agents. Future research should focus on formulation optimisation and in vivo validation to support their integration into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for sustainable rice disease control.

 

Pages 55-60
Year 2026
Issue 1
Volume 10

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May 6, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2026.51.54

ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN OTOLOGICAL AND NEUROTOLOGICAL DISORDERS: A
REVIEW

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Authors: Santosh Kumar Swain

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msp.01.2026.51.54

ABSTRACT

Demineralization of labyrinth and, in particular, otoconia dislodgment can result from low serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D regulates expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and has a potent immunomodulatory effect. Increased inflammatory responses in inner ear have been linked to vitamin D deficiency. Patients with Meniere’s illness, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and paroxysmal positional vertigo are frequently deficient in vitamin D. The commonest peripheral etiology of vertigo is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). One of the possible causes of BPPV development is a vitamin D deficiency. Low mineral density and vitamin D deficiency are also risk factors for vestibulocochlear diseases, including age-related hearing loss. Supplementation of vitamin D may improve the auditory recovery and vestibular disorders like BPPV. The recurrence of BPPV can be significantly reduced with vitamin D treatment alone. The present narrative review will consider the role of vitamin D in otological and neurotological disorders.

 

Pages 51-54
Year 2026
Issue 1
Volume 10

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April 24, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2026.43.50

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE HEMATOLOGICAL AND HEPATIC EFFECTS OF ENERGY DRINKS AND CAFFEINE IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Authors: Eiya Bibiana Omozee, Aloamaka Osasogie Emmanuel Osasogie

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msp.01.2026.43.50

ABSTRACT

The consumption of energy drink among youths and some adults has been on the increase in recent time, this has called for concerns over the possible effects these drink might have on some organs. This study therefore aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of non-alcoholic energy drinks and caffeine on haematological and hepatic parameters as well as the histology of the liver. Fifty female Sprague Dawley rats (164-250 g) were divided into five groups (n=10 each): a control group, two energy drink treated groups (5 ml and 10 ml respectively), and two caffeine treated groups (0.89 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg respectively). Treatments were administered orally for six weeks. Hematological indices and liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, albumin, total protein, and globulin) were assessed at the end of the experimental period. Histopathological analysis of the liver was also performed. Findings showed no significant changes in liver enzymes or bilirubin levels. However, globulin levels significantly decreased in the treated groups. Most of the Hematological parameters, were not affected except for significant reductions in WBC, MID, RBC, HGB, MCV, MCHC, MPV, and P-LCR in the groups administered high doses of caffeine and non-alcoholic energy drinks, suggesting dose dependent bone marrow suppression. Histological analysis revealed normal liver architecture in controls, while treated groups showed vascular congestion, periportal inflammation, and Kupffer cell activation features consistent with portal hepatitis. In conclusion, frequent consumption of energy drinks and caffeine even in low concentrations pose health risks to the synthesis of liver proteins, alters liver histology and may impair haematopoiesis. These alterations are dose dependent; there is therefore need for caution to be taken in the frequent consumption of these substances and need for further study into their safety.

 

Pages 43-50
Year 2026
Issue 1
Volume 10

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April 9, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2026.32.42

SUB-CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDY OF METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ANTHOCLEISTA GRANDIFLORA ON THE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MALE WISTER RATS

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Authors: Oseyomon, James Odianosen**, Dhirisu, Khadijah, Ekhator, Joan Osahenrumwen, Obarisiagbon Philips A.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msp.01.2026.32.42

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants are an important source of therapeutic compounds, but their safety profiles require
thorough scientific evaluation. Anthocleista grandiflora, commonly used in African traditional medicine, is
reputed for diverse medicinal applications, yet little is known about its toxicological effects. This study
investigated the sub-chronic influence of its methanol leaf extract on reproductive and haematological
parameters in male Wistar rats. Acute toxicity was assessed using the modified Lorke’s method, while sub-
chronic evaluation involved daily oral administration of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight for 28 days.
At the end of the treatment period, blood, vas deferens, and testes were collected for hematological profiling,
serum testosterone assays, semen analysis, and histopathological examination. The acute toxicity test
revealed no mortality, with the median lethal dose (LD50) estimated at greater than 5000 mg/kg, suggesting
a broad safety margin. Sub-chronic administration did not produce significant alterations (P > 0.05) in serum
testosterone concentration, sperm count, sperm motility, or testicular weight when compared with controls.
However, a mild but non-significant improvement in sperm morphology was observed. Hematological values
remained within normal physiological limits, indicating no risk of anemia, immunosuppression, or
coagulation impairment at the tested doses. These findings suggest that methanol leaf extract of A. grandiflora
is relatively safe at sub-chronic doses and does not exert adverse effects on male reproductive function or
hematological integrity. Nonetheless, extended studies are required to explore possible long-term
consequences, dose-dependent variations, and underlying mechanisms of action.

 

Pages 32-42
Year 2026
Issue 1
Volume 10

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April 3, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.03.2025.79.90

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PEPTIC ULCER CURATIVE, ANTIOXIDANT AND
MEMBRANE STABILIZATION POTENTIAL OF THE EXTRACT OF CALLITRIS ROBUSTA VAR. MICROCARPA

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Authors: Zacchaeus S. Ololade,Bolarinde O. Olugboye,Olayinka F. Onifade,Olawumi T. Oyebanji,Temidayo E. Alabi

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msp.03.2026.79.90

ABSTRACT

Callitris robusta var. microcarpa (CRM) contains phytochemicals used to treat diverse ailments, and this study investigated its antioxidant phytochemicals for curative effects on various gastrointestinal disorders using chromatographic and multifaceted biochemical assays, showing that CRM provides better gastrointestinal protection and ulcer healing potential compared with cimetidine, significantly reduces ulcer scores, maintains stomach mucosa integrity by minimizing oxidative damage through reduction of ROS levels, demonstrates viable muscularis-propria wall mucosal lining cells without abnormalities in histological screening, increases membrane stability suggesting reinforcement of membrane integrity, and provides evidence of its therapeutic use as a natural antioxidant for gastrointestinal protection.

 

Pages 79-90
Year 2025
Issue 3
Volume 10

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February 25, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.04.2025.151.156

FROM HARVEST TO MARKET: EFFECTIVE POSTHARVEST HANDLING AND STORAGE TECHNIQUES FOR MARIGOLD

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Prakash Awasthi

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_4_25

ABSTRACT

Marigolds (Tagetes spp.) are widely cultivated for their ornamental value and therapeutic applications, making effective postharvest handling and storage critical for preserving quality and extending market viability. This review systematically evaluates the current methodologies and advancements in postharvest management of marigolds, encompassing harvesting techniques, processing protocols, and storage conditions. It explores the influence of environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, and packaging materials on preserving floral integrity and shelf life. Recent technological innovations, including novel preservative treatments and advanced packaging solutions, are examined for their efficacy in mitigating postharvest deterioration. The review also addresses prevalent challenges such as pathogen control and market variability, providing evidence‑based recommendations for optimizing handling practices. By integrating research findings and practical approaches, this review offers a comprehensive framework for improving postharvest processes, thereby enhancing the quality and economic value of marigold products.

 

Pages 151-156
Year 2025
Issue 4
Volume 9

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February 25, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.04.2025.139.150

EPIGALLOCATECHIN‑3‑GALLATE ATTENUATED AUTOPHAGY EXACERBATED HIGH‑FAT DIET‑INDUCED MEMORY AND TESTICULAR TOXICITY IN RATS: THE FUNCTION OF INFLAMMATORY AND MECHANISTIC TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN SIGNALING PATHWAYS

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Onyekweli Chinedu Charles, Ben‑Azu Benneth, Nwangwa E. Kingsley, Oyovwi O. Mega

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_4_25

ABSTRACT

Background: High-fat diet (HFD) can induce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and reproductive toxicity, which contribute to memory and testicular dysfunctions. Aims and Objectives: To investigate the protective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against HFD-induced cognitive and testicular toxicity via inflammatory and mTOR signaling pathways. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into groups receiving normal diet, HFD, or HFD with EGCG treatment. Behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were performed, and inflammatory and mTOR pathway markers were evaluated. Results: EGCG significantly improved memory and learning performance, reduced oxidative and inflammatory markers, restored testicular histoarchitecture, and modulated mTOR signaling. Conclusion: EGCG attenuates HFD-induced cognitive and testicular impairments through the regulation of inflammation and mTOR signaling, suggesting its therapeutic potential in diet-induced metabolic disorders.

 

Pages 139-150
Year 2025
Issue 4
Volume 9

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February 25, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.04.2025.131.138

BATTLING THE INVISIBLE THREAT: UNRAVELING THE LINK BETWEEN ACUTE RESPIRATORY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Sammra Asghar, Ambreen Zahra, Sabeeka Sajjal, Aiman Khan, Muhammad Imran Arshad

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_30_25_1

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This study determined the percent positivity of acute respiratory bacterial infections and their association with malnutrition in children under 5. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause 6% of all diseases worldwide, with bacterial pneumonia being the leading cause of child mortality. Malnutrition accounts for 56% of childhood mortality worldwide, when combined with ARIs. Materials and Methods: This study included 185 hospitalized children under 5 diagnosed with ARIs. The nasal swabs were collected for bacterial isolation and analyzed using nutrient and blood agar and by Gram’s staining. The bacterial pathogens were purified on Mannitol salt agar, chocolate agar, and MacConkey agar and identified using specific biochemical tests. Children’s height and weight were compared with standards to assess their nutritional status. The data were statistically analyzed for percent positivity and Chi‑square test. Results: The positive samples were collected from Allied Hospital (38.3%), Children Hospital (9.1%), and Faisal Hospital (11.8%). ARIs were categorized as mild pneumonia (35), moderate pneumonia (28), severe pneumonia (19), and no pneumonia/cold and cough (103). Among isolated bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacterial species (23.2%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.57%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.02%). Children with 24% stunted, 19% wasted, 23% underweight, and 34% having normal nutritional status were observed. Chi‑square test (P = 0.007) showed significant results. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a positive correlation between malnutrition and acute respiratory bacterial infections, as 66% of malnourished children were observed suffering from ARIs.

 

Pages 131-138
Year 2025
Issue 4
Volume 9

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February 25, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.04.2025.129.130

FLEXIBLE SURGICAL FIELD COVER: A SOLUTION FOR ENHANCED STERILITY IN NEUROSURGICAL ENVIRONMENTS

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Letter to Editor

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_1_25

ABSTRACT

Sterility of the surgical field is maintained, especially in neurosurgery, where even minimal contamination could lead to severe infection, which may affect patient outcomes. There are interruptions to break the sterile field of view: reviewing imaging and adjustments of equipment. We propose the Flexible Surgical Field Cover: a noninvasive, adhesive device that protects the field and allows seamless access for the performance of tasks with reduced infection risk and procedural efficiency

 

Pages 129-130
Year 2025
Issue 4
Volume 9

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February 25, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.04.2025.122.128

COMPARISON OF LOW‑DOSE DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND FENTANYL IN GENERAL ANESTHESIA: A RANDOMIZED STUDY

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Rajesh Mahajan, Rachna Sabharwal

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_21_25_1

ABSTRACT

Background: The general anesthetic agents pose significant challenges to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Hence, the safety profile of these agents must be carefully studied and monitored. The present study aimed to compare the effects of low‑dose dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: This randomized and cross‑sectional study was conducted on 100 patients belonging to both genders aged between 20 and 50 years, comprising 65 males and 35 female subjects. The ethical committee approval by the Ethics Committee of Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Bhopal, was obtained, following which informed written consent was taken from all the study subjects. The patients were randomly categorized into two groups: (a) Group I: This group comprised 50 patients receiving dexmedetomidine and (b) Group II: This group comprised of patients (n = 50) who received fentanyl. Dexmedetomidine (30–50 µg) and fentanyl (100 µg) were used as premedication agents. All obtained values were noted as descriptive statistical values, i.e., mean ± standard deviation (SD). Obtained data were compared to analyze any alterations. Results and Observations: On analyzing different parameters associated with dexmedetomidine in male subjects, blood pressure levels in 20–40 years, 40–60 years, and 60–80 years of age groups were found to be 120/80 ± 10, 110/70 ± 10, and 100/70 ± 10 mmHg, respectively. On comparison of heart rates, the mean ± SD values were found to be 68 ± 10 (20–40 years), 60 ± 10 (40–60 years), and 50 ± 10 mmHg (60–80 years). In female subjects who were administered dexmedetomidine, the mean ± SD blood pressure was found to be 120/70 ± 10 (20–40 years), in 40–60 years of age group, it was observed as 100/70 ± 10, and in 60–80 years of age group, the mean ± SD was obtained as 96/60 ± 10. On analysis of heart rate in females of 20–40 years of age range, mean ± SD heart rate was observed as 60 ± 10, whereas in 40–60 years, it was recorded as 55 ± 10. In the 60–80 years of age group, the mean ± SD heart rate was obtained as 50 ± 10. On analyzing blood pressure and heart rate in male study participants who were administered Fentanyl observations made were as follows: Blood pressure analysis showed in 20–40 years of age range, it was found to be 130/80 ± 10 mmHg, in 40–60 years of age range, it was observed as 120/80 ± 10 mmHg whereas in 60–80 years of age group, it was observed as 110/70 ± 10 mmHg and (b) Heart rate: Mean ± SD values of heart rate were – 74 ± 10, 68 ± 10, and 65 ± 10 beats/min in 20–40 years, 40–60 years, and 60–80 years of age ranges, respectively. In female subjects who received fentanyl, they were found to be 130/70 ± 10 mmHg in 20–40 years of age group, 120/70 ± 10 mmHg in 40–60 years of age group, and 110/70 ± 10 mmHg in 60–80 years of age range. On studying heart rate, in 20–40 years of age group, the mean ± SD values were found to be 76 ± 10 beats/min, 70 ± 10 beats/min in 40–60‑year age range, and 65 ± 10 beats/min in 60–80‑year age range. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine was found to have a higher safety profile when compared to fentanyl.

 

Pages 122-128
Year 2025
Issue 4
Volume 9

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