Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)

Over the years teaching and learning has shifted from teacher centered towards student centered learning. Internet and smart tools in addition has provided a progressive user-friendly platform for learning and gaining knowledge. Passive ways of learning no more are valid and student facilitation rather than teaching is the norm. Problem based learning is a tailored learning culture where the students are at the centre stage. Student’s design their objectives for learning and in a step-wise manner solve the problems and gain much deeper learning. It is interactive, student centered and teacher facilitated. Along with subject knowledge it prepares a student with the soft skills which are essential for future career in the industries in which they deliver their services. Problem based learning is future for the new generation as the entire educational system is changing with the availability of smart tools and internet. This shall prepare the younger generation for the industrial revolution -4 and surely lead towards a progressive and real-time learning culture.

Tetanus is a fetal disease of human and animals caused by spore forming, Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. In present report, a 16-month old, Beetal buck, weighing about 40 kg was presented to outdoor clinics of Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan with complaint of anorexia, abnormal gait and gradual loss of body condition. History, indicated that animal was castrated 12 days before by a local quack using an ordinary shaving blade. Visual examination revealed that wound had not properly healed on the day of examination. Physical examination revealed stiffness of fore and hind limb muscles, prolapse of nictitating membrane and hyperesthesia. Owing to the presence of contaminated wound and clinical signs, Beetal Buck was diagnosed as tetanus. Animal was treated with procaine penicillin @ 44,000 IU IM/Kg, diazepam @ 0.1mg/kg IM. The treatment was prescribed for five days. Wound was debrided and washed with hydrogen peroxide. On the 3rd day of this treatment, trismus was reduced and the gait of the animal was improved. All in all, tetanus was present in goats and treatment afforded an improvement in health parameters.

Biliary atresia often neglected as normal transition neonatal jaundice reports high incidence in Pakistan in contrast to worldwide statistics. In contrast to data reported worldwide high mortality and morbidity rate of Biliary Atresia was reported within the Faisalabad region of Pakistan which indicates poor disease management. To understand the exact etiology of this disease, present study undertook a research initiative to define unique causes and clinical risk factors associated to Biliary atresia which help in early diagnosis. We intended to find strongly associated risk factors which distinguish it from early onset normal transition jaundice and suggest good prognostic measures for disease management. Logistic Regression and Pearson chi square test reports high incidence rate of Biliary atresia in newly born baby boys (64%) than in female peers. Only 27% of survival rate of this disease was recorded. Unique association of disease with mother child blood group incompatibility (P <0.05) and other simultaneous neonatal infection (P <0.05) shown to contribute significantly to high neonatal death toll (72.8%). Moreover, mother health status (P<0.05) an d maternal infection like diabetes and/or hypothyroidism (P<0.05) during gestation period are also significant contributing factors to outcome of Biliary atresia. Based on findings we suggest careful examination of neonates if any of the reported risk factors is observed in first 3 days of birth to manage Biliary Atresia. Study also emphasizes on the importance of maternal health care and proper disease management of maternal infections that otherwise predispose neonates at risk of health disorder.

Various agents in medicinal plants are used in the same way as antibiotics in treatment of acquiring resistance in bacteria.The main objective of this study is to check out the bactericidal action of leaves of Bauhinia variegateLinnagainst medically important one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and three gramnegative bacterial strains (Proteus vulgaris, S. typhi and E. coli) by the method of disc diffusion. This method showed 24mm maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, 18.5mm against Proteus vulgaris, 20mm in Escherichia coli and 17.5 mm in Salmonella typhi.Zone of inhibition of extract was compared with standard antibiotic Cephalosporin.The phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract revealed many secondary metabolites existence,like flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, steroids, glycosides and anthraquinones. Various plants are considered medicinal importance as having microbial activity due to containing many secondary metabolites. So, the development of research achievements in pharmacy is enhanced due to naturally occurring bioactive compounds of these plants.

The study was designed to assess the various pharmacokinetic parameters of a commercially available clarithromycin Tablet (Klaricid® 250 mg Abbot, Pakistan) in plasma sample of healthy adult female volunteers by applying a rapid, sensitive and accurate HPLC-UV analytical method. The human plasma samples were evaluated by using an isocratic High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system of Sykam consisted of a pump with a column C18 column (250×4.6mn, 5µm) UV-detector. The mobile phase comprises of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50 mM, pH 6.8, contained 0.7% triethylamine), methanol and acetonitrile (30:25:45, v/v/v) was delivered with injection volume of 20µL at flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection was performed at λmax 275 nm. By applying this method, important pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, Area under curve (AUC), half-life (t1/2), Volume of distribution (Vd) and Clearance (Cl) were measured. The parameters of pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin were calculated by software (APO) pharmacological analysis. Maximum plasma concentrations Cmax 2.78 ±0.33 µg/ml, time to reach maximum co ncentration tmax 2.82 ± 0.11 h and Area under curve AUC was 20.14h.µg/ml. The mean ± SD values obtained for the pharmacokinetic parameters showed a significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters observed in previous literature which emphasizes the need for dose adjustment of clarithromycin in Pakistani population.

Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is an important herb with multiple pharmacological activities. Therapeutic properties of N. sativa based on the availability of thymoquinone (TQ) which is an essential oil and an active chemical component. Current study was designed to investigate the antibacterial effect of N.sativa in comparison with lincomycin, as growth promoter in the gut of broiler chicks. Activity of N. sativa powder on feed conversion ratio in broiler chicks was also recorded. Day old birds were taken and divided into three groups and having three biological replicates in each treatment group (6 chicks). First group was control group that received normal diet; second group received the normal diet with growth promoter and third group fed with routine diet and powder of N. sativa. Birds were slaughtered at the end of study period (day 36th). Blood and tissue samples were collected on 28thand 36th day of trial. The results of this study showed that addition of 1% N. sativa powder appeared to have a positive impact on growth performance of broiler chicks as it improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers at finisher phase (P<0.05) and it could be considered as a substitute of antibiotic growth promoter (lincomycin) for broiler chicks.

Present study was undertaken to observe the influence of dietary protein on proximate body composition of Mori (Cirrhinusmrigala) from Govt. Fish Hatchery, Mian Chanu, District Khanewal. Mean percentage values for water, fat, protein and ash contents determined in the whole wet body weight of Cirrhinusmrigala were 76.86, 2.91, 16.89 and 3.33% respectively. Higher average protein, fat, ash and minimum water percentage were observed with increasing crude protein in artificial fed. Percentage of fat, ash, protein and water observed (35% crude protein) was 3.18%, 2.87%, 18.48% and 75.46% respectively. This was estimated that with the increase of protein level in diet, fish highly grow in size. Body composition of fish was affected with dietary protein in artificial diet. The information of these parameters helps to select Cirrhinusmrigala as major diet because it contains higher protein content and is suitable for human consumption.

Ectoparasites are responsible to transmit many bacterial and viral diseases in laying hens. A number of chemicals are used to manage tick infestation in laying birds. These include carbamates, avermectins, herbal products, pyrethroids and organophosphates and out of them pyrethriods are the most potent than all others. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of ectoparasitic fauna and to check the comparative ef?icacy of two different combinations of commercial acaricides in layer birds in all Tehsils of District Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. A single species of tick Argas (A.) persicus and a single species of lice Lipeurus (L.) caponis were present in the study area. An overall prevalence of ectoparasites was recorded to be 55 % that includes A. persicus 25% and L. caponis 35%. Number of ticks were counted after every week for four weeks and there was reduction in the percentage of ticks as 40, 53, 65, 80 and 90% at days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 by using Eco?leece (cypermethrin) while it reduced 52, 64, 72, 90 and 100% at days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 respectively by using H killer (cypermethrin+ dichlorvos). Results indicated that H killer was comparatively more ef?icient (p<0.05) than Eco?leece.

Antimicrobial agents are the most valuable means available for treating bacterial infections. Lincomycin and tetracycline are common brand having antibacterial activity. It is considered to be a cost-effective drugs because of its low cost, good activity against pathogenic anaerobic bacteria, favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics. Antibiotic in the animal feed as growth promoters are primarily source of antibiotic resistance and stress factor for gut epithelium. Current studies will elaborate the advances in understanding toxicity induce by tetracycline and lincomycin on mucosal layer of gut of broiler. Following parameters such feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were studied on weekly basis which show FCR of the lincomycin group was greater as compared to tetracycline group and control group minimum FCR was found in tetracycline group. ND and IBD (New castle disease and Infectious bursal disease) titer was also affected.

Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is an important herb with multiple pharmacological activities. Therapeutic properties of N. sativa based on the availability of thymoquinone (TQ) which is an essential oil and an active chemical component. This review concerns about the anti-bacterial activity of N. sativa in the gut of broiler chicks. The addition of N. sativa powder appeared to have a positive impact on growth performance of broiler chicks as it improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers at finisher phase and it could be considered as a substitute of antibiotic growth promoter (lincomycin) for broiler chicks. It also affect the immune titer of Infectious Bursal Disease and New Castle Disease in the broiler chicks.