Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)

POTENTIAL OF ACACIA MANGIUM, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND SWIETENIA MAHAGONI LEAF EXTRACTS AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINST Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae: A REVIEW

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May 12, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2026.55.60

POTENTIAL OF ACACIA MANGIUM, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND SWIETENIA MAHAGONI LEAF EXTRACTS AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINST Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae: A REVIEW

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Authors: MAD Zubir, NK Che Mohd Ramli, N Abdul Aziz, K Ramachandran, and E S Shari

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msp.01.2026.55.60

ABSTRACT

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), remains one of the most destructive diseases of rice in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, where yield losses can reach 70%. The extensive reliance on synthetic bactericides has raised concerns regarding environmental contamination and the emergence of resistant pathogen strains, highlighting the need for sustainable disease management alternatives. This review evaluates the biocontrol potential of leaf extracts from Acacia mangium, Anacardium occidentule, and Swietenia mahagoni against Xoo, with emphasis on their phytochemical composition and antibacterial mechanisms based on published in vitro studies. Available evidence indicates that A. mangium exhibits the strongest antibacterial activity, including pronounced bactericidal effects and inhibition of Xoo biofilm formation. A. occidentale demonstrates moderate antibacterial activity, supported by a broad spectrum of bioactive phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. In contrast, S. mahagoni shows limited or pathogen-specific antimicrobial activity, with no consistent inhibition of Xoo reported, suggesting variable effectiveness against different target pathogens. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of selected plant extracts, particularly A. mangium and A. occidentale, as promising candidates for further development as plant-based biocontrol agents. Future research should focus on formulation optimisation and in vivo validation to support their integration into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for sustainable rice disease control.

 

Pages 55-60
Year 2026
Issue 1
Volume 10

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Posted by aiman
May 6, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2026.51.54

ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN OTOLOGICAL AND NEUROTOLOGICAL DISORDERS: A
REVIEW

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Authors: Santosh Kumar Swain

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msp.01.2026.51.54

ABSTRACT

Demineralization of labyrinth and, in particular, otoconia dislodgment can result from low serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D regulates expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and has a potent immunomodulatory effect. Increased inflammatory responses in inner ear have been linked to vitamin D deficiency. Patients with Meniere’s illness, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and paroxysmal positional vertigo are frequently deficient in vitamin D. The commonest peripheral etiology of vertigo is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). One of the possible causes of BPPV development is a vitamin D deficiency. Low mineral density and vitamin D deficiency are also risk factors for vestibulocochlear diseases, including age-related hearing loss. Supplementation of vitamin D may improve the auditory recovery and vestibular disorders like BPPV. The recurrence of BPPV can be significantly reduced with vitamin D treatment alone. The present narrative review will consider the role of vitamin D in otological and neurotological disorders.

 

Pages 51-54
Year 2026
Issue 1
Volume 10

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Posted by aiman
April 24, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2026.43.50

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE HEMATOLOGICAL AND HEPATIC EFFECTS OF ENERGY DRINKS AND CAFFEINE IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Authors: Eiya Bibiana Omozee, Aloamaka Osasogie Emmanuel Osasogie

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msp.01.2026.43.50

ABSTRACT

The consumption of energy drink among youths and some adults has been on the increase in recent time, this has called for concerns over the possible effects these drink might have on some organs. This study therefore aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of non-alcoholic energy drinks and caffeine on haematological and hepatic parameters as well as the histology of the liver. Fifty female Sprague Dawley rats (164-250 g) were divided into five groups (n=10 each): a control group, two energy drink treated groups (5 ml and 10 ml respectively), and two caffeine treated groups (0.89 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg respectively). Treatments were administered orally for six weeks. Hematological indices and liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, albumin, total protein, and globulin) were assessed at the end of the experimental period. Histopathological analysis of the liver was also performed. Findings showed no significant changes in liver enzymes or bilirubin levels. However, globulin levels significantly decreased in the treated groups. Most of the Hematological parameters, were not affected except for significant reductions in WBC, MID, RBC, HGB, MCV, MCHC, MPV, and P-LCR in the groups administered high doses of caffeine and non-alcoholic energy drinks, suggesting dose dependent bone marrow suppression. Histological analysis revealed normal liver architecture in controls, while treated groups showed vascular congestion, periportal inflammation, and Kupffer cell activation features consistent with portal hepatitis. In conclusion, frequent consumption of energy drinks and caffeine even in low concentrations pose health risks to the synthesis of liver proteins, alters liver histology and may impair haematopoiesis. These alterations are dose dependent; there is therefore need for caution to be taken in the frequent consumption of these substances and need for further study into their safety.

 

Pages 43-50
Year 2026
Issue 1
Volume 10

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April 9, 2026 In Uncategorized

msp.01.2026.32.42

SUB-CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDY OF METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ANTHOCLEISTA GRANDIFLORA ON THE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MALE WISTER RATS

Journal: Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)
Authors: Oseyomon, James Odianosen**, Dhirisu, Khadijah, Ekhator, Joan Osahenrumwen, Obarisiagbon Philips A.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msp.01.2026.32.42

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants are an important source of therapeutic compounds, but their safety profiles require
thorough scientific evaluation. Anthocleista grandiflora, commonly used in African traditional medicine, is
reputed for diverse medicinal applications, yet little is known about its toxicological effects. This study
investigated the sub-chronic influence of its methanol leaf extract on reproductive and haematological
parameters in male Wistar rats. Acute toxicity was assessed using the modified Lorke’s method, while sub-
chronic evaluation involved daily oral administration of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight for 28 days.
At the end of the treatment period, blood, vas deferens, and testes were collected for hematological profiling,
serum testosterone assays, semen analysis, and histopathological examination. The acute toxicity test
revealed no mortality, with the median lethal dose (LD50) estimated at greater than 5000 mg/kg, suggesting
a broad safety margin. Sub-chronic administration did not produce significant alterations (P > 0.05) in serum
testosterone concentration, sperm count, sperm motility, or testicular weight when compared with controls.
However, a mild but non-significant improvement in sperm morphology was observed. Hematological values
remained within normal physiological limits, indicating no risk of anemia, immunosuppression, or
coagulation impairment at the tested doses. These findings suggest that methanol leaf extract of A. grandiflora
is relatively safe at sub-chronic doses and does not exert adverse effects on male reproductive function or
hematological integrity. Nonetheless, extended studies are required to explore possible long-term
consequences, dose-dependent variations, and underlying mechanisms of action.

 

Pages 32-42
Year 2026
Issue 1
Volume 10

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