Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The aim is to study the application of artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm in medical image threshold segmentation Methods: A new image segmentation method based on the improved ABC and thresholding medical image threshold segmentation method is proposed, which is variable coefficient ABC (VCABC) optimization algorithm, which is used to determine n‑1 optimal n level threshold on a given image. The proposed method is compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization fractional image threshold segmentation method and the ABC fractional medical image threshold segmentation method. Results: When considering a variety of conditions, the performance of this method is better than that of other methods. Conclusions: The improved method of combining ABC and fractional medical image threshold segmentation method is effective.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The objective is to explore effects of yoga exercise on body shape and cardiovascular function of female college students. Methods: One hundred and twenty female college students were selected as the study participants, and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 60 participants in each group. The control group of female college students has routine life and learning, while the observation group of college students has an 18‑week yoga practice. The exercise frequency is three times a week, 90 min/times, between 50VO2 max and 60VO2 max, mainly including preparation activities, pose exercises, and relaxation exercises after the end. Moreover, the physical form index of two groups of female students was compared. Results: The body mass index, LIVI, WHR, VEK, HR, SV, SI, CI, VPELs, MSP, MDP, AC, ETK, and STR of the observation group female college students were significantly better than those in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: By means of yoga practice, the physical form of female college students can be obviously improved, and the function of losing weight can be achieved. It can also improve the cardiovascular function of female college students, and the effect of exercise is very remarkable.

This study investigated the effects of different drying methods on the nutrient and phytochemical contents of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal as a potential feedstuff for livestock. Fresh leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were subjected to three methods of processing: air drying, sun drying and oven drying. Samples included: fresh bitter leaf (BLF), fresh bitter leaf sundried for a day (BLS1D), fresh bitter leaf air dried for two days and sundried for a day (BLA2D) as well as fresh bitter leaf oven dried at 1050C for 24 hours (BLOV1D). The proximate composition, mineral content and phytochemical composition of the fresh and processed leaves were subsequently determined, using standard methods/procedures. The crude protein of BLF (29.10%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the mean values of 26.70, 25.30 and 22.80%, obtained for BLS1D, BLA2D and BLOV1D, respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, manganese and nickel content of the different processed bitter leaf. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the anti-nutrients content of different processed bitter leaves. Quantitative estimation showed significant lowering (p<0.05) of all the contents of the phytochemicals in the processed leaves compared to fresh bitter leaf. This study concluded that processed V. amygdalina leaf meal can serve as good source of protein, fibre and minerals in animal feeding. Furthermore, the processing of the bitter leaf meal through drying reduced the composition of phytochemicals for better incorporation and utilization and incorporation in livestock feeds.

Ocimum suave aerial parts were acquired in Nigeria’s Nassarawa State. Following that, the essential oil was extracted utilizing solvent extraction and hydro distillation techniques. The volatile constituents were identified by gas chromatography using the direct injection method. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, streptococcus pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli were used to test certain volatile constituents for minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). In Ocimum suave, forty-three compounds of terpenoids were identified with geranial (34.44, 36.16%), neral (32.67, 26.14%), β-caryophyllene (8.77, 10.15%), Linalool (6.54, and. 05%), allo-ocimene (4.23, 2.92%), Linalyl acetate (1.90, 4.85%), nerol (1.53, 2.06), geraniol (1.24, 1.35%) and β-bisabolene (1.17, 1.79%) respectively as the major constituents for hydro distillation and solvent extraction methods. The results of the extraction generally showed that hydro-distillation is better extraction method, and is also cheaper economically. The volatile constituents showed more some measure of activity against pathogens used.

Background:Carried out in Liberia’s Montserrado County, this ethnopharmacological survey was designed to record information about common therapeutic plants. Many of the herbal medications of the study area are still unpublished, and their usage is either poorly or entirely unrecorded, despite the high rate of their usage in the country. Such a study is of high importance in Liberia, where the effectiveness of a decent number of herbal medicines has been proved but yet to be documented. Objectives:The study sought to chronicle the many methods of herbal preparations and healing practices used in the study area, as well as to identify plants (and their various parts) that are often used by herbal medicine practitioners in Liberia’s Montserrado County. Materials and Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive design and conducted a face-to-face interview for 32 willing THMPs (Traditional Herbal Medicine Practitioners) in the county. The survey documented the socio-demographic information of the respondents, their mostly utilized plants (and the parts used), mode of use, common and local names and details of the mode of preparation of herbal medicines. Results and conclusion: Information about the botanical components and formulas of their medicines, the sources of raw materials, and the kinds of illnesses that the plants are used to cure was supplied by the government-recognized herbalists in the study area. According to the respondents, a total of ninety-two (92) medicinal plant species from thirty-one (31) families are commonly utilized to prepare herbal medications for the treatment of fifteen (15) various medical ailments. The leaves were the most frequently used plant parts, and the Fabaceae family was the most frequently mentioned. Malaria, goa, typhoid, dysentery, the common cold, piles, and infertility were the illnesses that required the most treatment. The documented common medicinal plants used in traditional medicine preparation in the study area are indications of opportunities for pharmaceutical resources in the country which is known for high biodiversity. Further research on the identified plants and more is hoped to foster novel medicinal discoveries which will be of national or global impact in the future.

Kalanchoe pinnata, also known as Bryophyllum pinnatum, is a succulent plant native to Madagascar that has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine for its curative effects. This study looks at the gastroprotective properties of an aqueous extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (AKP) against ethanol-induced stomach ulcers in Wistar rats. The plant’s phytochemicals, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids, are known for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Thirty Wistar rats were separated into six groups and given AKP, omeprazole, or no therapy after ethanol-induced stomach injury. Histological investigations revealed that the control group had normal gastric architecture, but the ethanol-only group suffered severe stomach injuries. Treatment with 0.5 ml AKP resulted in limited protection, while 1 ml AKP had strong gastroprotective effects comparable to omeprazole. The untreated group showed persistent severe damage. These findings support the historic usage of Kalanchoe pinnata to as treatment agent in traditional medicine while also highlighting its potential for modern therapeutic applications. The study recommends more investigation into the biochemical principles and clinical efficacy of Kalanchoe pinnata to fully grasp its therapeutic potential.

The Ceftriaxone given by the systemic route of administration that utilized to administer antibiotic for prevention of postoperative infection. It ensures uniform antibiotic distribution in the body, therefore, to stop an infection from occurring, a stable dosage form that delivers medications to the infection site at an effective concentration is required. The present study aimed to develop a biodegradable lipid implant for site administration, evaluate various formulations, and examine the stability of an optimum formulation. The different formulations were developed by molding technique and studied for their physical properties, swelling ratio, friability, weight variation, content uniformity, dissolution, gel method, and stability of optimized formulation. This study indicated that all formulations were passed all the tests successfully, and the kinetic study after dissolution, and gel method of formulations were followed Korsmeyer and Peppas model. Among the all formulations Ceftriaxone1 was found to be the best formula because it passed all the tests successfully and had less flocculation in release profile. Accordingly, this formula subjected to stability studies. Based on the results obtained from stability studies, Ceftriaxone1 showed no significant difference of the drug content. From the value of similarity factor, it can be concluded that the release pattern ofCeftriaxone1 among period of stability studied are similar. In conclusion, lipid base biodegradable Ceftriaxone was prepared successfully, and they passed all the tests. The optimized formulations are stable after stability studies as per ICH guidelines.

Phyllanthus niruri, a widely used herbal remedy, has demonstrated various therapeutic properties. However, limited toxicological data exist regarding its safety profile. This study aimed to investigate the sub-acute toxicity manifested as hematological changes in a mice model following repeated oral administration over 14 days. A controlled randomized design was used with 24 mice, divided into four groups of six animals each. One control group was administered distilled water, while three treatment groups received aqueous extracts at low (1000 mg/kg), intermediate (2000 mg/kg), and high (4000 mg/kg) doses. No mortality was observed, and clinical signs of acute toxicity were absent. Behavioral changes such as mild lethargy and hypokinesia were transient and reversible. Body weight measurements indicated a dose-dependent reduction, with the high-dose group showing a significant decrease by day 14. Hematological analysis revealed a significant increase in neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils at higher doses, indicating an inflammatory or immune response. Additionally, a significant decrease in RBC count was observed in the high-dose group, suggesting potential hematological effects, including anemia. These findings suggest that while Phyllanthus niruri extract is generally nontoxic at lower doses, prolonged use or higher doses may lead to immune-related pathology and anemia.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a perennial crop with an edible starchy tuberous root grown in tropical and subtropical regions. However, limited studies have assessed the antinutritional factors affecting its nutrient availability. This study evaluated the antinutritional composition of two cassava varieties (white TMS 30001 and yellow TMS 30572) grown in Ankpa, Kabba, and Okene (Kogi State) using standard methods. Tubers from Agricultural Development Project (ADP) farms were analyzed at Kogi State University Biochemistry Laboratory for cyanide, tannin, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor content. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (SPSS version 20), with Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) for mean separation and T-test for comparing both varieties. Results showed significant differences (P≤0.05) among the antinutrient compositions. In white cassava, Okene tubers had the highest antinutrient values except for phytate (1.71±0.04mg/100g) and tannin (0.36±0.1mg/100g), which were highest in Kabba and Ankpa, respectively. In yellow cassava, Okene had the highest levels of all antinutrients except phytate (3.31±0.10mg/100g) and oxalate (0.23±0.00mg/100g), which were highest in Ankpa. The T-test indicated that white cassava had higher cyanide, oxalate, and trypsin inhibitor levels, while yellow cassava had higher phytate content. Both varieties had similar tannin levels. The lower antinutrient content of yellow cassava suggests it is more suitable for human consumption and livestock feed than white cassava across the three locations.

Background: Carried out in Liberia’s Montserrado County, this ethnopharmacological survey was designed to record information about common therapeutic plants. Many of the herbal medications of the study area are still unpublished, and their usage is either poorly or entirely unrecorded, despite the high rate of their usage in the country. Such a study is of high importance in Liberia, where the effectiveness of a decent number of herbal medicines has been proved but yet to be documented. Objectives: The study sought to chronicle the many methods of herbal preparations and healing practices used in the study area, as well as to identify plants (and their various parts) that are often used by herbal medicine practitioners in Liberia’s Montserrado County. Materials and Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive design and conducted a face-to-face interview for 32 willing THMPs (Traditional Herbal Medicine Practitioners) in the county. The survey documented the socio-demographic information of the respondents, their mostly utilized plants (and the parts used), mode of use, common and local names and details of the mode of preparation of herbal medicines. Results and conclusion: Information about the botanical components and formulas of their medicines, the sources of raw materials, and the kinds of illnesses that the plants are used to cure was supplied by the government-recognized herbalists in the study area. According to the respondents, a total of ninety-two (92) medicinal plant species from thirty-one (31) families are commonly utilized to prepare herbal medications for the treatment of fifteen (15) various medical ailments. The leaves were the most frequently used plant parts, and the Fabaceae family was the most frequently mentioned. Malaria, goa, typhoid, dysentery, the common cold, piles, and infertility were the illnesses that required the most treatment. The documented common medicinal plants used in traditional medicine preparation in the study area are indications of opportunities for pharmaceutical resources in the country which is known for high biodiversity. Further research on the identified plants and more is hoped to foster novel medicinal discoveries which will be of national or global impact in the future.