Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)

Objective: The evaluate acute and subacute toxicity of ethyl acetate extract of Oxalis latifolia and O. tetraphylla leaves (family: Oxalidaceae) in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats. Methods: Swiss albino mice were used in the 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg acute toxicity investigations. Systematic measurements were taken at 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours post-dose. For the subacute toxicity, the animals were grouped into six groups of 6 rats where animals were fed with food and distilled water and the groups were control, 200 and 400 mg/kg of extracts respectively every 24 h orally for 28 days. Results: In acute toxicity studies, the extract did not induce death after dose up to 2000 mg/kg, the leaf ethyl acetate extracts from O. latifolia and O. tetraphylla did not result in any mortalities and were shown to be non-toxic to animals. After 28 days of treatment, there was no discernible difference in the body and organ weights between the treated group and the control group. Analysis of the extract’s hemological composition and biochemical characteristics showed no harmful effects. Histopathological alterations were not present, nor were there any obvious abnormalities. In 28 days, no deaths were noted. Conclusions: The lack of toxicity at larger doses in rats suggests it may be worth exploring further for potential medical and therapeutic applications.

The study evaluated the potential effects of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced memory decline and testicular abnormalities. Thirty-six (36) research rats divided into six groups with six rats each were utilized. DMSO (0.1 %) and EGCG (80 mg/kg) were administered to group 1 and 2, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were treated with HFD and HFD plus rapamycin for 56 days. DMSO or EGCG (80 mg/kg) was given to groups 5 and 6 for 29-56 days, respectively. However, animals in groups 5–6 were treated with HFD and HFD plus rapamycin individually for 56 days. The study investigated the cognitive capacity of the rats using novel-object recognition tests. The adrenal gland and prefrontal cortex of the rat testes and brain were assessed for inflammatory, autophagic state, neurochemical, and histological alterations. All rats had their serum leptin, adiponectin, and corticosterone evaluated. The findings demonstrated that HFD consumption resulted in cognitive deterioration, an imbalance of inflammatory cytokines, an increase in the lee index, and neuronal death. But in the HFD-exposed rats, EGCG therapy reduced corticosterone, leptin, and lee index, improved cognitive impairment, regulated inflammatory, autophagic, and apoptotic status, elevated adiponectin, increased brain-testes weight, and protected neuronal atrophy. Accordingly, EGCG reduced the negative effects of an HFD-induced non-spatial memory and testicular dysfunctions, possibly by reducing hypercortisolism, controlling chemo-brain activity, regulating inflammatory, apoptotic, autophagic, and metabolic hormonal status, and preventing neuronal degeneration.

This study explored the status of advertisement practices among Herbal Medicine Dealers (HMDs) on various media platforms, and stakeholders’ perception of its relationship with profitability, business growth and overall standard of living. This survey was carried out using semi-questionnaire as data collection instrument. The participants include 70 HMDs, which includes 28 recognized Herbal Medicine Practitioners (HMPs) recognized by the Complementary Medicine Unit (CMU) of the Ministry of Health (MOH) and 42 Herbal Products Vendors (HPVs) within 7 major markets within the study area. Findings from this study indicate that of the 70 HMDs, 56 (80%) and 14 (20%) are exposed to radio and social media platforms, respectively, while 6% are not exposed to the media at all. Among the 56 HMDs who are exposed to the media, only 3 (5.4%) are involved with media advertisement, while the remaining 53 (94.6%) are not involved with media advertisement. By prioritizing media advertisement as part of their business strategy, HMDs in the study area can improve herbal product patronage, thereby increase their revenue. The findings of this study are relevant to the growth of the business in focus and the improved standard of living of related stakeholders in the study area.

To fortify nutrients depleting loam being waste under murkiness and use it for enhancing anticancer food rationing in human body two onion (Alium cepa) cultivars i.e. Cv.1 and Cv.2 (locally called “imported and 144” respectively) were experienced. Fertilizers were applied @ 50 kg of NH4 (SO4)2 and 25 kg of MOP (muriate of potash) per acre-1 with first irrigation. Growth parameters were recorded under un-shaded, partially and fully-shaded canopies of Eugenia trees. Maximum weights (162±9 g), horizontal diameters (7.83±0.77 cm), circumferences (24.20±2.4 cm) and number of leaves per plant (15±0.25) of onion bulbs were recorded in Cv.1 under shaded conditions followed by Cv.2 (weight 135±7 g, 7.82±1.01 cm, 22.5±2.2 cm, 14±0.92 respectively). Similarly, maximum yield of bulbs (small and medium sized) were 18±0.11 and 8.25±0.55 ton ha-1 in Cv.1. under un-shaded and 17±0.54 and 8.25±0.55 ton ha-1 under partially-shaded conditions, while, the lowest (6±0.36 ton ha-1) observed in large sized bulbs under fully-shaded conditions. More sprouting (40±2.1%) was observed under un- shaded whereas least (18±3.5%) under partially-shaded conditions in Cv.1. The response of both the cultivars were beneficially under such environment, however Cv.1 was better. It was inferred from the result that onion which is the excellent source of moderate level of anticancer diet can be obtained on these depleted soil by adding essential macronutrients.

Background: Medicinal plants have been used as therapeutics before modern medications became prevalent.Objective: The objective of the research work was aimed at evaluating the preliminary investigation of phytochemical properties of aqueous extract of Carica papaya (pawpaw) seeds and its hypoglycemic effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetic in wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical properties of aqueous extract of C. papaya seeds were conducted using the methods of Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Twenty-five (25) male wistar rats weighing between 172 and 296 g were distributed into five groups. Group 1: normal control, group 2: 45 mg/kg STZ, group 3: 10 mg/kg Glibenclamide, group 4: 50 mg/kg aqueous extract of C. papaya, group 5: 100 mg/kg aqueous extract of C. papaya) which were used for the physiological study. Diabetes was induced with 45 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Results: In C. papaya aqueous extract, the results of the phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and phenols. The effect of C. papaya on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on experimental wistar rats showed significant decrease in the blood sugar levels for group 4 (50 mg/kg aqueous extract) and group 5 (50 mg/kg aqueous extract) at day 1, day 3 and day 7 treatment periods; with day 7 showing the highest significance compared with other groups. The aqueous extract of C. papaya also decreased the biochemical parameters in comparison with normal control. In the kidney of diabetic treated rats, Carica papaya reduced distortion of the renal corpuscles (glomeruli and Bowman’s capsules), as well as accumulation of glycogen and lipids was prevented. Pancreatic islet cells were normal in non-diabetic treated animals, whereas in diabetic treated rats, C. papaya helps islet regeneration manifest as preservation of cells occurred. Conclusion: The research into medicinal plants should be encouraged in order to discover other important therapeutic properties of plant parts for the management of ailments.

Background: Olive leaf and arugula seed crude extracts were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activities. Utilizing the disc diffusion technique, antibacterial activity against three microorganisms was assessed. Both the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) have been established. The standard medication for the investigation of antibacterial activity was gallic acid.

Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity was selected against two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; The extract’s antibacterial activity was determined using a diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar that had previously been injected with 1 mL of an 18-hour-old bacterial solution (10^6 CFU/mL).

Results: With an average zone of inhibition of 3 to 8 mm, the methanol extract of olive leaves and arugula seeds demonstrated strong antibacterial activity. Staphylococcus aureus was the bacterium with the highest level of sensitivity. In comparison to olive leaf extract, the antibacterial activity of arugula seed extract was higher. For Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the olive leaves and arugula seeds extract were 80 and 40 g/ml, respectively, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for S. aureus and B. cereus, respectively, were 60 and 600 g/ml.

Conclusion: These findings imply that arugula seeds and olive leaves have intriguing antimicrobial properties.

Plants and herbs are the mainstream of diverse traditional medicine system practiced throughout the whole population. Today, there is increasingly trend set the uses of natural plants for the various human ailments and wound healing as natural remedy. The crude drugs are derived from the whole plant or parts of the plants that are being used for tremendous diseases through the world without chances of serious adverse reaction as well as more efficacy and safety. The ethnomedicines are being indicated worldwide that consists of different phytochemical constitutes like as alkaloids, saponin, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and carbohydrates so as to not only have biological, physiological and pharmacological activity but also have antioxidant activity for the treatment of stomach, cardiovascular and liver alilments.

Herbal medicinal natural plants and species are mostly used for wide purposes in Pakistan in current situation. There are diverse variety of phytochemical constituents which are present in plants and act as secondary metabolites that are formed from the normal metabolism likewise alkaloids, flavonoids, glycoside, phenols, steroids and other specific pigments. Therefore, the botanist concentrations are increasingly changing to ethnobotanical practices due to availability at lower price, wide safety and efficacy margin and less side effects of plants. The medicinal benefits of the special phytochemical of the plants cannot be ignored. Some of the herbal plants have been expressed for their significance to take care of the different ailments of mankind particularly correlated to liver, GIT, stomach and colon.

Herbal medicinal plants are commonly intended for the cure and prevention of countless diseases for the reason that of low price, more effectiveness and no side effects. The medicinal plants consist of several types of phytochemical constituents as alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and carbohydrates that are used for various human ailments. Such types of constituents not only have biochemical compounds but also have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal activity and intended for the treatment of diabetes, kidney, liver and stomach ailments. The use of herbal natural plants is more economic and reliable for these types of diseases. These medicinal plants have been second-hand for different human disorders with no side effects of reoccurrence.

In recent years several reports of atypical fracture (AFF) of the femur occurring in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients, on long term bisphosphonate therapy, are noted in the literature. In comparison only, few cases of these type of fractures occurring in patients, on concomitant glucocorticoid and bisphosphonate medication, are reported. Here, we are reporting one such case belonging to this sub-group.