Matrix Science Pharma (MSP)

ABSTRACT

The consumption of energy drink among youths and some adults has been on the increase in recent time, this has called for concerns over the possible effects these drink might have on some organs. This study therefore aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of non-alcoholic energy drinks and caffeine on haematological and hepatic parameters as well as the histology of the liver. Fifty female Sprague Dawley rats (164-250 g) were divided into five groups (n=10 each): a control group, two energy drink treated groups (5 ml and 10 ml respectively), and two caffeine treated groups (0.89 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg respectively). Treatments were administered orally for six weeks. Hematological indices and liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, albumin, total protein, and globulin) were assessed at the end of the experimental period. Histopathological analysis of the liver was also performed. Findings showed no significant changes in liver enzymes or bilirubin levels. However, globulin levels significantly decreased in the treated groups. Most of the Hematological parameters, were not affected except for significant reductions in WBC, MID, RBC, HGB, MCV, MCHC, MPV, and P-LCR in the groups administered high doses of caffeine and non-alcoholic energy drinks, suggesting dose dependent bone marrow suppression. Histological analysis revealed normal liver architecture in controls, while treated groups showed vascular congestion, periportal inflammation, and Kupffer cell activation features consistent with portal hepatitis. In conclusion, frequent consumption of energy drinks and caffeine even in low concentrations pose health risks to the synthesis of liver proteins, alters liver histology and may impair haematopoiesis. These alterations are dose dependent; there is therefore need for caution to be taken in the frequent consumption of these substances and need for further study into their safety.